Identification
Brown-olive velvety cap with a rolled margin, funnel-shaped; gills run down the stem and darken when pressed. Grows in groups; one of the most common mushrooms in the forest.
Why the "edible" status changed
The roll-rim was eaten for decades after soaking and boiling. But clinical reports revealed an immune mechanism: after repeated meals the body produces antibodies, antigen–antibody complexes settle on red blood cells and hemolysis follows.
- Case report (PMID 7105997): a 49-year-old man ate the mushroom repeatedly; hemolysis, shock, acute kidney failure, DIC, death in 3.5 days.
- Case report (PMID 3784443): a 37-year-old after a well-boiled roll-rim; saved by plasmapheresis and hemodialysis.
- Two fatalities (Diagnostics 2019): both patients had eaten it many times; symptoms began 2–3 h after the last meal.
The toxin is unidentified, cooking does not protect, and previous "safe" meals guarantee nothing.
In practice
Do not pick it. If you have eaten roll-rims before and notice dark urine, weakness or jaundice after a meal — go to hospital and mention this mushroom.